Obama’s final environmental protection act

In what is likely President Barack Obama’s final environmental action before Donald Trump moves into the White House, the president has expanded the existing California Coastal National Monument — adding a mix of lighthouses, rocky outcroppings, stands of redwoods and significant Native American grounds that will be knitted into the existing federal preserve on and off the coast from Humboldt County to Orange County.

Applauded by environmentalists

The move was applauded by environmentalist who feel a greater urgency to shore up conservation gains before the Obama administration is ushered out. Given the general antienvironmental tenor in Congress, and the Trump administration’s uncertain and unexpressed view on conservation issues, some groups saw the announcement as important not so much because it afforded the California sites protection from encroaching development, but because those areas would be spared from a questionable future.

The fear here was of the unknown, and distrust of the new administration

The fear was that the desirable coastal land could eventually have been yanked away from federal managers and placed in the hands of those willing to sacrifice its environmental and cultural value. “The great thing is that this ensures that these areas remain part of the public lands system,” said Dan Smuts, senior director of the Pacific region for the Wilderness Society. “It precludes the government disposing of these lands. Given that they are small, scattered parcels along the coast, they are supremely valuable, and it’s important that they be kept in the public estate.”

Western conservatives have been increasingly pressing the federal government to surrender lands it now owns, and the Republican-controlled Congress has taken up the campaign. On the first day back in session earlier this month, the House made it easier to transfer federal land to states or local entities by overturning a rule requiring a calculation of the value of federal land before such a transfer.

 Praise for Obama’s efforts to protect the environment

Groups lined up to praise Obama, and to cast a wary glance at the future.

“Our coast belongs to all Californians and preserving its scenic beauty and biodiversity is crucial for California’s climate and economic future,” said California League of Conservation Voters CEO Sarah Rose in a statement. “With the new presidential administration about to take office, it is crucial we act to make certain our magnificent landscapes and wildlife continue to belong to all of us now, and for generations to come.”

Obama’s proclamation not only adds 6,200 acres to the existing monument, it significantly amplifies the protections afforded the new sites, which will be managed by the federal Bureau of Land Management.

Obama made the addition by using the Antiquities Act, which allows the president to set aside tracts of federal land or significant places for protection, without the consent of Congress. That 1906 law — which gives the executive authority to bypass Congress — has in recent years enraged some Republicans, who see it as a cudgel and frequently characterize its use as such “federal land grabs.”

Monument designations cannot be changed with the stroke of a presidential pen

Unlike executive orders, which can be undone with the stroke of a presidential pen, monument designations cannot be rescinded by a successor. While some in Washington believe the Congress has the right to claw back the decisions, there has not yet been a legal challenge to a presidential monument proclamation.

That could change under a Trump administration. Among the bills taking aim at the Antiquities Act is one proffered this month by Sen. Lisa Murkowski, R-Alaska. The proposal, the Improved National Monument Designation Process Act, would require future national monuments receive approval not only from Congress before designation, but also from the legislature in the state or states affected.

Among the other monument designations made Thursday were three historically significant civil rights sites in Alabama and South Carolina as well as an expansion of the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument in Oregon.

Conservation groups in California had long campaigned for adding the sites to the monument, which was first established in 2000 and expanded by Obama in 2014. That cause was championed by Democratic Sen. Barbara Boxer, whose bill to expand the monument stalled before her retirement this year.

The new sites

The coastal monument is a unique preserve, encompassing rocks and small islands critical for marine species, and historic and cultural sites on beaches and headlands. The sites added are:

• Trinidad Head (Humboldt County) — a 60-acre headland reaching into Trinidad Harbor,
• with an historic lighthouse.
• The Lost Coast Headlands (Humboldt County) — a former Navy installation on coastal bluffs that provide plant and wildlife habitat.
• Waluplh-Lighthouse Ranch (Humboldt County) — site of a former a 19th Century lighthouse with views of the Eel River Delta, the Pacific and parts of Humboldt Bay.
• Cotoni-Coast Dairies (Santa Cruz County) — a former dairy and industrial site that is now habitat for rare animals. The waters are home to whales and other marine mammals.
• Piedras Blancas (San Luis Obispo County) — a historic lighthouse and an area with cultural significance to the Chumash and Salinan tribes.
• Rocks and islands (Orange County) — formations that provide roosting habitat for sea birds and “haul-out” or resting areas for seals and sea lions.

The first land-based expansion of the California Coastal National Monument came in 2014, when Obama included what came to be called Point Arena-Stornetta Public Lands, about 1,665 acres north of the town of Point Arena in Mendocino County.

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